%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFb1ada047 71 0 R /QuickPDFF8564da01 120 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 121 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20180514133948+02'00') /ModDate (D:20180514133948+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3103 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF8564da01 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 71.3068 770.8329 Tm (Improvement of GNSS Positioning Accuracy Under Urban Environment by)Tj 1 0 0 1 206.2458 752.1709 Tm (Multipath Mitigation Methods)Tj ET /QuickPDFF8564da01 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 6.3028 717.2179 Tm (Yasuhiro Onaka, Section Chief, Basara Miyahara, Director, Naohiro Tada, Section Staff, Tomoaki Furuya, Deputy Director)Tj 1 0 0 1 184.2828 702.5549 Tm (and Kohei Miyagawa, Executive Officer \(Japan\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF8564da01 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.3218 Tm 15.996 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFb1ada047 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 661.3218 Tm 15.768 TL (GNSS/GPS; Positioning)' ET /QuickPDFF8564da01 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.9753 Tm 15.996 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFb1ada047 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 604.6289 Tm 15.768 TL (Accuracy of GNSS positioning is easily degraded under severe conditions such as urban streets)' (surroundings due to the blockage of the signals from GNSS satellites by tall buildings. Multipath)' (effect, which is one of the causes of GNSS positioning accuracy degradation, is a known)' (phenomenon that occurs in the urban area. In order to improve accuracy of the GNSS positioning)' (under such environments, we developed three methods for multipath mitigation by employing three)' (promising techniques from previous studies: \(1\) application of a cutoff mask model that is produced)' (from the distribution data of obstacles in the urban area, which cause the blockage of GNSS signals.)' (The distribution at each site is identified from photos over the sky \(e.g. fish-eye lens photo\), and the)' (elevation cutoff mask model for each site is individually produced and applied to eliminate the)' (multipath signals. \(2\) consistency check of L1 and L2 Doppler observables. If the observation data)' (contain noises such as multipath, the L1 and L2 Doppler observables become inconsistent. Once)' (inconsistency between the L1 and L2 Doppler observables is detected, the data are rejected as bad)' (observations. \(3\) application of another cutoff mask model produced from the distribution of the)' (buildings that is identified from 3D maps. These three methods enable observers to select proper)' (satellites more certainly and perform more accurate positioning by identifying the low quality)' (observation data to be rejected. In this presentation, the effect of these methods are mainly reported.)' ET /QuickPDFFb1ada047 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 163.8497 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Improvement of GNSS Positioning Accuracy Under Urban Environment by Multipath Mitigation Methods \(9382\))' (Yasuhiro Onaka, Section Chief, Basara Miyahara, Director, Naohiro Tada, Section Staff, Tomoaki Furuya, Deputy)' (Director and Kohei Miyagawa, Executive Officer \(Japan\))' ()' (FIG Congress 2018)' (Embracing our smart world where the continents connect: enhancing the geospatial maturity of societies )' (Istanbul, Turkey, May 611, 2018)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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