%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF824dbf1e 76 0 R /QuickPDFF8d845a7d 119 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 120 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20210628125315+02'00') /ModDate (D:20210628125315+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3684 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF8d845a7d 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 73.6378 770.8329 Tm (Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Assessment of Tanahun District, Nepal)Tj ET /QuickPDFF8d845a7d 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 61.1048 731.3912 Tm (Shakti Prakash Joshi, Pradip Raj Paudel, Udaya Parajuli, Sanker Gautam and Sudip Khatri \(Nepal\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF8d845a7d 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.3613 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF824dbf1e 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.3613 Tm 14.454 TL (Engineering survey; Remote sensing; Risk management; Young surveyor; Agricultural)' (Drought; Multi Criteria Evaluation; Correlation; Reclassification; Weighted)' (Overlay Analysis)' ET /QuickPDFF8d845a7d 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.6683 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF824dbf1e 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 604.3219 Tm 14.454 TL (Among different types of natural hazards, drought is the most complex and the least understood one. Low)' (rainfall and an increase in soil temperature are the prime causes of agricultural drought. The most immediate)' (consequences of drought are a fall in crop production so that farmers faced difficulty to sustain life, a)' (decrease in the economy of the country, and a change in environmental conditions. Geographic Information)' (Systems \(GIS\) and Remote Sensing \(RS\) technologies play a significant role in exploring and analyzing)' (agricultural drought; such geospatial techniques classify different kinds of hazards either natural or)' (manmade. Temporal satellite data of 10 years \(2007-2016\) of the Tanahun district were used to analyze and)' (assess drought severity and a drought risk map was prepared. Additionally, a Land Use Land Cover \(LULC\))' (map of the study area was made. Ten rainfall stations, inside the district as well as close proximity districts,)' (were taken to derive the Standardized Precipitation Index \(SPI\) from which meteorological drought risk map)' (was prepared using GIS. Three indices named Standardized Precipitation Index \(SPI\), Normalized)' (Difference Vegetation Index \(NDVI\), and Moisture Stress Index \(MSI\) were considered for the project.)' (Landsat imageries were acquired from the United States Geological Survey \(USGS\) and radiometric)' (corrections were applied; after that NDVI and MSI were extracted. Different weights were specified to these)' (three indices and finally integrated to prepare a drought risk map with five different severity classes. The)' (total area covered by different risk levels were categorized as very high, high, moderate, slight, and no risk)' (as 1.02%, 48.8%, 34.07%, 14.24%, and 1.87% respectively. Correlation between mean rainfall and mean)' (NDVI was performed and found to be a positive medium of 0.32. The drought risk map shows that most of)' (the areas of the district were vulnerable to agricultural drought. As the rate of rainfall descends, the crop)' (production also decreases so that it is inevitable to irrigate the agricultural realms by means of constructing)' (irrigation channels at possible locations and changing the type of plantation which is the best alternative.)' ET /QuickPDFF824dbf1e 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Agricultural Drought Vulnerability Assessment of Tanahun District, Nepal \(10941\))' (Shakti Prakash Joshi, Pradip Raj Paudel, Udaya Parajuli, Sanker Gautam and Sudip Khatri \(Nepal\))' ()' (FIG e-Working Week 2021)' (Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality)' (Virtually in the Netherlands, 2125 June 2021)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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